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Objective To investigate the relationship between trait mindfulness( TM) and rumina-tion,as well as the mediating effects of experiential avoidance(EA) and thought suppression(TS) in under-graduates. Methods A sample of 1 219 undergraduates was recruited to complete Mindful Attention Aware-ness Scale,Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ,the White Bear Suppression Inventory and Rumination Response Style Questionnaire. Results (1) The significant positive correlations of each two different fac-tors were found among experiential avoidance (18. 020±7. 446),thought suppression (47. 769±10. 011) and rumination (47. 668±10. 497),and the correlation coefficients were 0. 466,0. 546 and 0. 525 respectively, all P<0. 01. TM (64. 977± 9. 623) was found to be significantly related with EA ( r=-0. 450),TS ( r=-0. 424) and rumination (r=-0. 527),all P<0. 01. (2) Partially mediating effect of EA ( effect value=-0. 132) and TS (effect value=-0. 073) were both found in TM and rumination,and the proportion of these two effects were 25. 0% and 13. 9%,respectively. The chain mediating effect of EA and TS (effect value=-0. 042 ) was also found between TM and rumination, whose indirect effect size was 8. 0%. Conclusion The relationship between TM and rumination in undergraduates can be mediated by EA and TS respectively,as well as their chain effect.
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Mindfulness-based psychotherapy, known as the third-wave cognitive behavior therapy, showed a multi-cultural integration trend. As part of it, willing acceptance and commitment therapy not only took root in the discoveries in the fields of evolutionary psychology and cognitive psychology, but also absorbed the concepts of psychotherapy from Chinese traditional culture. As a result, it regards truth and harmony as the essence of health, proposes a triangle model (health/pain-willing acceptance-striving) to elucidate the mechanism of psychopathology and psychotherapy in theory. Operationally, it contains four principles of psychotherapy, which are as follow: "knowing yourself and others, reaction but adequately, reality as well as harmony, willing acceptance and striving". Furthermore, it proposes eight therapeutic procedures including "understand yourself, recognize suffering, check coping style, keep openness and acceptance, mindfulness and flexibility, live in the moment, clarify the value, and commit action". With these principles and procedures, willing acceptance and commitment therapy aims to fade the neural trace of patients' painful memories, improve their psychological flexibility and rebuild their lifestyles consistent with their values.
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Humans , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Adaptation, Psychological , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Mindfulness , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the preliminary revision of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) in Chinese undergraduates.Methods Considering the differences in the cultural and linguistic,the PHLMS was translated and used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 1 221 undergraduates.All participants were also surveyed with five facets mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ),the white bear suppression inventory (WBSI) and acceptance and action questionnaire-2rd edition (AAQ-Ⅱ) as conduct reliability and validity test.Results The exploratory factor analysis showed that PHLMS could extract two factors,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 40.355％.The confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit (x2/df=2.781,CFI =0.945,NFI =0.884,IFI =0.922,TLI =0.906,CFI =0.922,RMSEA =0.053).The internal consistency reliability of the awareness subscales was 0.785,and the internal consistency reliability of the acceptance subscales was 0.772.The correlation coefficients among the PHLMS and FFMQ was significant(r=0.398,P＜0.01).The acceptance subscales were significantly negatively correlated with WBSI and AAQ-Ⅱ(r=-0.458,-0.288,P＜0.01).Conclusion The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of PHLMS meet the measurement criterion.
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Objective To revise rumination on sadness scale (RSS) and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version rumination on sadness scale (RSS-C) in Chinese undergraduates.Methods A total of 1 166 undergraduates from 4 universities in Hunan province completed RSS,ruminative response scale (RRS) and Beck depression inventory-Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ).The test-retest was conducted in 111 participants 2 weeks later.Results Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed the RSS-C included 11 items,consisting of causal analysis,understanding oneself and one's sadness and uncontrollability of ruminative thinking factors.The scores of each item in the high score group were significantly higher than those in the low group(P＜0.001),and the correlation between each item and the total score was significant(r=0.594-0.719,P＜0.001).The confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit(x2/df=3.938,GFI =0.957,NFI =0.940,CFI =0.954,TLI =0.930,IFI =0.954,RMSEA =0.070).The internal consistency for RSS-C and three factors ranged from 0.694 to 0.868,and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.620 to 0.833.The scores on RSS-C and three factors were significantly associated with RRS(r=0.555-0.637,P＜0.01),BDI-Ⅱ (r=0.211-0.403,P＜0.01) respectively.Conclusion RSS-C has good reliability and validity and can be used as an effective instrument to assess rumination on sadness in Chinese undergraduates.
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Objective·To evaluate the clinical value of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of uterine space-occupying lesion.Methods·A total of 75 patients with uterine space-occupying lesion were enrolled in this study from March 2015 to February 2016 at Hospital of Southwest Medical University.Patients received both two-dimensional ultrasound and four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound to determine the location,number and nature of the lesions,as well as the clinical staging of malignant lesions,then the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated.Results·Among 75 patients,there were 26 cases with endometrial carcinoma,21 cases with hysteromyoma,16 cases with metropolypus,and 12 cases with uterine adenomyosis.The diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound for the uterine space-occupying lesion was 88.0％,which was significantly higher than that of two-dimensional ultrasound (64.0％) (P＜0.05).What's more,the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound for the clinical staging of endometrial carcinoma was 88.5％,which was significantly higher than that of two-dimensional ultrasound (61.5％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion·Two-dimensional ultrasound combined with four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound is more effective to improve the diagnostic accuracy of uterine space occupying lesion and clinical staging of endometrial carcinoma in comparison with two-dimensional ultrasound,which will favor the clinical strategy for the treatment of uterine space-occupying lesion.
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The unexpected discovery of cervical cancer ( UDCC) rarely occurs in clinics .Because it is di-agnosed by pathology after surgery ,the therapies are different from ordinary cervical cancer .In addition,the choice of the timing of surgery and other issues are also involved .The patient received the hysterectomy due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III and uterine fibroids .Postoperative pathology examination showed cervical microinva-sive carcinoma,stage IA1,and pathology without lymph -vessel invasion involvement ,the patient needs to be fol-lowed up closely postopertation .One case of the unexpected discovery of cervical cancer was reported in this pa -per.The aim is to provide a reference for clinical management .
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Objective To understand the clinical effect of conservative lapamscopic surgery with stripping corpus luteum for fallopian pregnancy to prevent persistent ectopic pregnancy.Methods From January 2005 to Augnst 2008.82 cases of fallopian pregnancy (6 cases for the second time) were performed conservative operatio through laparoscopic surgery with stripping corpus luteum.Seventy one cases underwent salpingostomy to remove the embryo, and other 11 cases were performed with extrusion of embryo sac at ampulla.The level of serum progesterone,β-HCG were measured before and after the therapy.All patients were followed up for one year.Results All patients'surgery had been successfully done through laparoscopie surgery.The duration of stripping corpus luteum was 5 to 10 minutes.The serum β-HCG(Mean±SD:(1213.51±118.84)U/L)and progesterone(Mean±SD:(3.25±2.44)nmol/L)arer operation were significantly lower than before the therapy(Mean±SD:(4267.86±983-56)U/L.(13.71±6.24)nmol/L,respectively)(P<0.01).The decrease of β-HCG value wag significantly correlated with the decreasing of progesterone(r=0.697,P<0.05).Only one patient had a persistent ectopic pregnancy.Fallopian examination through hysterosalpingography after 3 months was unobstructed in 71.1%(32/45 cases)and oh-strueted in 7 cases(15.6%).After one year ofthetherapytwo patients hadectopic pregnancy atthe same fallopian tube.Conclusions For females who have reproductive requirements with experience of fallopian pregnancy,conservative operation through laparoscopic surgery with stripping corpus luteum is safe and effective,and might have an important clinical effect to prevent postoperative persistent ectopic pregnancy.